Ultrasonido intestinal en la Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal: ¿cuándo utilizarlo y cómo aplicarlo eficazmente?
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https://doi.org/10.47892/rgp.2025.452.1902Palabras clave:
Ultrasonido intestinal, Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, Enfermedad de Croh, Colitis ulcerosaResumen
En Latinoamérica, la prevalencia de la Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (EII) ha aumentado en los últimos años, lo cual ha generado una creciente necesidad de herramientas diagnósticas tanto para su detección como para su monitoreo. El ultrasonido intestinal (USI) se ha consolidado como una herramienta no invasiva, precisa y bien tolerada, para evaluar en tiempo real la actividad de la EII, incluso durante la misma consulta médica. La evidencia disponible respalda su utilidad en la determinación precisa de la actividad inflamatoria y en la identificación de complicaciones asociadas. Al momento de hacer el diagnóstico e iniciar el tratamiento, el USI se ha consolidado como el estudio no invasivo ideal para ofrecer un seguimiento cercano, evaluar la respuesta terapéutica y plantear cambios precoces en el tratamiento. Diversas revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis han demostrado que su exactitud diagnóstica es comparable a la de técnicas como la colonoscopía o la resonancia magnética. Además, el USI permite monitorizar la respuesta terapéutica y establecer un pronóstico de manera más accesible, no invasiva y con mayor adherencia por parte del paciente, en comparación con otras modalidades diagnósticas. El presente artículo de revisión tiene por objetivo de analizar el uso óptimo del USI y su papel actual en el manejo de los pacientes con EII.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Viviana Parra Izquierdo, Hugo Cedron, Marjorie Argollo, Joana Torres, Kenneth Ernest-Suárez
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